Carved turns with alpine skis are investigated. During the movement of a ski, snow is loaded and unloaded. Compacted snow is not elastic, i.e. deformations remain. Such effects are modeled by a hypoplastic constitutive equation. During a turn the shovel digs into the snow and the tail maintains nearly the same penetration depth as the part under maximum load. This results in a higher resistance against shearing for the afterbody of the ski. In the present work we investigated the benefits of the hypoplastic against the elastic force-penetration relationship. Simulation results for a sledge on two skis are compared to experimental track data.
M. Mössner, D. Heinrich, K. Schindelwig, P. Kaps, P. Lugner, H.B. Schmiedmayer, H. Schretter, and W. Nachbauer, Modeling the Ski-Snow Contact for a Carved Turn, The Engineering of Sport 6, 2nd vol. (Munich, DE) (E.F. Moritz and S.J. Haake, eds.), International Sports Engineering Association (ISEA), 2006, pp. 195-200.
Carved turns with Alpine Skis were investigated using a computer simulation model. Varied input data to the model were the bending stiffness of the skis, the edging angle, and the velocity. Results include the turn radius and the force distribution along the running surface of the skis.
D. Heinrich, M. Mössner, P. Kaps, H. Schretter, and W. Nachbauer, Influence of Ski Bending Stiffness on the Turning Radius of Alpine Skis at Different Edging Angles and Velocities, The Engineering of Sport 6, 2nd vol. (Munich, DE) (E.F. Moritz and S.J. Haake, eds.), 2006, pp. 207-212. .